Yesaya 34:1--35:10
Konteks34:1 Come near, you nations, and listen!
Pay attention, you people!
The earth and everything it contains must listen,
the world and everything that lives in it. 1
34:2 For the Lord is angry at all the nations
and furious with all their armies.
He will annihilate them and slaughter them.
34:3 Their slain will be left unburied, 2
their corpses will stink; 3
the hills will soak up their blood. 4
34:4 All the stars in the sky will fade away, 5
the sky will roll up like a scroll;
all its stars will wither,
like a leaf withers and falls from a vine
or a fig withers and falls from a tree. 6
34:5 He says, 7 “Indeed, my sword has slaughtered heavenly powers. 8
Look, it now descends on Edom, 9
on the people I will annihilate in judgment.”
34:6 The Lord’s sword is dripping with blood,
it is covered 10 with fat;
it drips 11 with the blood of young rams and goats
and is covered 12 with the fat of rams’ kidneys.
For the Lord is holding a sacrifice 13 in Bozrah, 14
a bloody 15 slaughter in the land of Edom.
34:7 Wild oxen will be slaughtered 16 along with them,
as well as strong bulls. 17
Their land is drenched with blood,
their soil is covered with fat.
34:8 For the Lord has planned a day of revenge, 18
a time when he will repay Edom for her hostility toward Zion. 19
34:9 Edom’s 20 streams will be turned into pitch
and her soil into brimstone;
her land will become burning pitch.
34:10 Night and day it will burn; 21
its smoke will ascend continually.
Generation after generation it will be a wasteland
and no one will ever pass through it again.
34:11 Owls and wild animals 22 will live there, 23
all kinds of wild birds 24 will settle in it.
The Lord 25 will stretch out over her
the measuring line of ruin
and the plumb line 26 of destruction. 27
34:12 Her nobles will have nothing left to call a kingdom
and all her officials will disappear. 28
34:13 Her fortresses will be overgrown with thorns;
thickets and weeds will grow 29 in her fortified cities.
Jackals will settle there;
ostriches will live there. 30
34:14 Wild animals and wild dogs will congregate there; 31
wild goats will bleat to one another. 32
Yes, nocturnal animals 33 will rest there
and make for themselves a nest. 34
34:15 Owls 35 will make nests and lay eggs 36 there;
they will hatch them and protect them. 37
Yes, hawks 38 will gather there,
each with its mate.
34:16 Carefully read the scroll of the Lord! 39
Not one of these creatures will be missing, 40
none will lack a mate. 41
For the Lord has issued the decree, 42
and his own spirit gathers them. 43
34:17 He assigns them their allotment; 44
he measures out their assigned place. 45
They will live there 46 permanently;
they will settle in it through successive generations.
35:1 Let the desert and dry region be happy; 47
let the wilderness 48 rejoice and bloom like a lily!
let it rejoice and shout with delight! 50
It is given the grandeur 51 of Lebanon,
the splendor of Carmel and Sharon.
They will see the grandeur of the Lord,
the splendor of our God.
35:3 Strengthen the hands that have gone limp,
steady the knees that shake! 52
“Be strong! Do not fear!
Look, your God comes to avenge!
With divine retribution he comes to deliver you.” 54
35:5 Then blind eyes will open,
deaf ears will hear.
35:6 Then the lame will leap like a deer,
the mute tongue will shout for joy;
for water will flow 55 in the desert,
streams in the wilderness. 56
35:7 The dry soil will become a pool of water,
the parched ground springs of water.
Where jackals once lived and sprawled out,
grass, reeds, and papyrus will grow.
35:8 A thoroughfare will be there –
it will be called the Way of Holiness. 57
The unclean will not travel on it;
it is reserved for those authorized to use it 58 –
fools 59 will not stray into it.
35:9 No lions will be there,
no ferocious wild animals will be on it 60 –
they will not be found there.
Those delivered from bondage will travel on it,
35:10 those whom the Lord has ransomed will return that way. 61
They will enter Zion with a happy shout.
Unending joy will crown them, 62
happiness and joy will overwhelm 63 them;
grief and suffering will disappear. 64
[34:1] 1 tn Heb “the world and its offspring”; NASB “the world and all that springs from it.”
[34:3] 2 tn Heb “will be cast aside”; NASB, NIV “thrown out.”
[34:3] 3 tn Heb “[as for] their corpses, their stench will arise.”
[34:3] 4 tn Heb “hills will dissolve from their blood.”
[34:4] 5 tc Heb “and all the host of heaven will rot.” The Qumran scroll 1QIsaa inserts “and the valleys will be split open,” but this reading may be influenced by Mic 1:4. On the other hand, the statement, if original, could have been omitted by homoioarcton, a scribe’s eye jumping from the conjunction prefixed to “the valleys” to the conjunction prefixed to the verb “rot.”
[34:4] 6 tn Heb “like the withering of a leaf from a vine, and like the withering from a fig tree.”
[34:5] 7 tn The words “he says” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The Lord speaks at this point.
[34:5] 8 tn Heb “indeed [or “for”] my sword is drenched in the heavens.” The Qumran scroll 1QIsaa has תראה (“[my sword] appeared [in the heavens]”), but this is apparently an attempt to make sense out of a difficult metaphor. Cf. NIV “My sword has drunk its fill in the heavens.”
[34:5] sn In v. 4 the “host of the heaven” refers to the heavenly luminaries (stars and planets, see, among others, Deut 4:19; 17:3; 2 Kgs 17:16; 21:3, 5; 23:4-5; 2 Chr 33:3, 5) that populate the divine/heavenly assembly in mythological and prescientific Israelite thought (see Job 38:7; Isa 14:13). As in 24:21, they are viewed here as opposing God and being defeated in battle.
[34:5] 9 sn Edom is mentioned here as epitomizing the hostile nations that oppose God.
[34:6] 10 tn The verb is a rare Hotpaal passive form. See GKC 150 §54.h.
[34:6] 11 tn The words “it drips” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[34:6] 12 tn The words “and is covered” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[34:6] 13 tn Heb “for there is a sacrifice to the Lord.”
[34:6] 14 sn The Lord’s judgment of Edom is compared to a bloody sacrificial scene.
[34:6] 15 tn Heb “great” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).
[34:7] 16 tn Heb “will go down”; NAB “shall be struck down.”
[34:7] 17 tn Heb “and bulls along with strong ones.” Perhaps this refers to the leaders.
[34:8] 18 tn Heb “for a day of vengeance [is] for the Lord.”
[34:8] 19 tn Heb “a year of repayment for the strife of Zion.” The translation assumes that רִיב (riv) refers to Edom’s hostility toward Zion. Another option is to understand רִיב (riv) as referring to the Lord’s taking up Zion’s cause. In this case one might translate, “a time when he will repay Edom and vindicate Zion.”
[34:9] 20 tn Heb “her”; the referent (Edom) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[34:10] 21 tn Heb “it will not be extinguished.”
[34:11] 22 tn קָאַת (qa’at) refers to some type of bird (cf. Lev 11:18; Deut 14:17) that was typically found near ruins (see Zeph 2:14). קִפּוֹד (qippod) may also refer to a type of bird (NAB “hoot owl”; NIV “screech owl”; TEV “ravens”), but some have suggested a rodent may be in view (cf. NCV “small animals”; ASV “porcupine”; NASB, NRSV “hedgehog”).
[34:11] 23 tn Heb “will possess it” (so NIV).
[34:11] 24 tn The Hebrew text has יַנְשׁוֹף וְעֹרֵב (yanshof vÿ’orev). Both the יַנְשׁוֹף (“owl”; see Lev 11:17; Deut 14:16) and עֹרֵב (“raven”; Lev 11:15; Deut 14:14) were types of wild birds.
[34:11] 25 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[34:11] 26 tn Heb “stones,” i.e., the stones used in a plumb bob.
[34:11] 27 sn The metaphor in v. 11b emphasizes that God has carefully planned Edom’s demise.
[34:12] 28 tn Heb “will be nothing”; NCV, TEV, NLT “will all be gone.”
[34:13] 29 tn The words “will grow” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[34:13] 30 tc Heb “and she will be a settlement for wild dogs, a dwelling place for ostriches.” The translation assumes an emendation of חָצִיר (khatsir, “grass”) to חָצֵר (khatser, “settlement”). One of the Qumran scrolls of Isaiah (1QIsaa) supports this emendation (cf. HALOT 344 s.v. II חָצִיר)
[34:14] 31 tn Heb “will meet” (so NIV); NLT “will mingle there.”
[34:14] 32 tn Heb “and a goat will call to its neighbor.”
[34:14] 33 tn The precise meaning of לִּילִית (lilit) is unclear, though in this context the word certainly refers to some type of wild animal or bird. The word appears to be related to לַיְלָה (laylah, “night”). Some interpret it as the name of a female night demon, on the basis of an apparent Akkadian cognate used as the name of a demon. Later Jewish legends also identified Lilith as a demon. Cf. NRSV “Lilith.”
[34:14] 34 tn Heb “and will find for themselves a resting place.”
[34:15] 35 tn Hebrew קִפּוֹז (qippoz) occurs only here; the precise meaning of the word is uncertain.
[34:15] 36 tn For this proposed meaning for Hebrew מָלַט (malat), see HALOT 589 s.v. I מלט.
[34:15] 37 tn Heb “and brood [over them] in her shadow.”
[34:15] 38 tn The precise meaning of דַּיָּה (dayyah) is uncertain, though the term appears to refer to some type of bird of prey, perhaps a vulture.
[34:16] 39 tn Heb “Seek from upon the scroll of the Lord and read.”
[34:16] sn It is uncertain what particular scroll is referred to here. Perhaps the phrase simply refers to this prophecy and is an admonition to pay close attention to the details of the message.
[34:16] 40 tn Heb “one from these will not be missing.” הֵנָּה (hennah, “these”) is feminine plural in the Hebrew text. It may refer only to the birds mentioned in v. 15b or may include all of the creatures listed in vv. 14b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns).
[34:16] 41 tn Heb “each its mate they will not lack.”
[34:16] 42 tc The Hebrew text reads literally, “for a mouth, it has commanded.” The Qumran scroll 1QIsaa and a few medieval
[34:16] 43 tn Heb “and his spirit, he gathers them.” The pronominal suffix (“them”) is feminine plural, referring to the birds mentioned in v. 15b or to all of the creatures listed in vv. 14b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns).
[34:17] 44 tn Heb “and he causes the lot to fall for them.” Once again the pronominal suffix (“them”) is feminine plural, referring to the birds mentioned in v. 15b or to all of the creatures listed in vv. 14b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns).
[34:17] 45 tn Heb “and his hand divides for them with a measuring line.” The pronominal suffix (“them”) now switches to masculine plural, referring to all the animals and birds mentioned in vv. 11-15, some of which were identified with masculine nouns. This signals closure for this portion of the speech, which began in v. 11. The following couplet (v. 17b) forms an inclusio with v. 11a through verbal repetition.
[34:17] 46 tn Heb “will possess it” (so NIV); NCV “they will own that land forever.”
[35:1] 47 tn The final mem (ם) on the verb יְשֻׂשׂוּם (yÿsusum) is dittographic (note the initial mem on the following noun מִדְבָּר [midbar]). The ambiguous verbal form is translated as a jussive because it is parallel to the jussive form תָגֵל (tagel). The jussive is used rhetorically here, not as a literal command or prayer.
[35:1] 48 tn Or “Arabah” (NASB); NAB, NIV, TEV “desert.”
[35:2] 49 tn The ambiguous verb form תִּפְרַח (tifrakh) is translated as a jussive because it is parallel to the jussive form תָגֵל (tagel).
[35:2] 50 tn Heb “and let it rejoice, yes [with] rejoicing and shouting.” גִּילַת (gilat) may be an archaic feminine nominal form (see GKC 421 §130.b).
[35:2] 51 tn Or “glory” (KJV, NIV, NRSV); also a second time later in this verse.
[35:3] 52 tn Heb “staggering knees”; KJV, ASV, NRSV “feeble knees”; NIV “knees that give way.”
[35:4] 53 tn Heb “Say to the hasty of heart,” i.e., those whose hearts beat quickly from fear.
[35:4] 54 tn The jussive form וְיֹשַׁעֲכֶם (vÿyosha’akhem), which is subordinated to the preceding imperfect with vav conjunctive, indicates purpose.
[35:6] 55 tn Heb “burst forth” (so NAB); KJV “break out.”
[35:6] 56 tn Or “Arabah” (NASB); KJV, NIV, NRSV, NLT “desert.”
[35:8] 57 tc The Hebrew text reads literally, “and there will be there a road and a way, and the Way of Holiness it will be called.” וְדֶרֶךְ (vÿderekh, “and a/the way”) is accidentally duplicated; the Qumran scroll 1QIsaa does not reflect the repetition of the phrase.
[35:8] 58 tn The precise meaning of this line is uncertain. The text reads literally “and it is for them, the one who walks [on the] way.” In this context those authorized to use the Way of Holiness would be morally upright people who are the recipients of God’s deliverance, in contrast to the morally impure and foolish who are excluded from the new covenant community.
[35:8] 59 tn In this context “fools” are those who are morally corrupt, not those with limited intellectual capacity.
[35:9] 60 tn Heb “will go up on it”; TEV “will pass that way.”
[35:10] 61 tn Heb “and the redeemed will walk, the ransomed of the Lord will return.”
[35:10] 62 tn Heb “[will be] on their head[s].” “Joy” may be likened here to a crown (cf. 2 Sam 1:10). The statement may also be an ironic twist on the idiom “earth/dust on the head” (cf. 2 Sam 1:2; 13:19; 15:32; Job 2:12), referring to a mourning practice.
[35:10] 63 tn Heb “will overtake” (NIV); NLT “they will be overcome with.”
[35:10] 64 tn Heb “grief and groaning will flee”; KJV “sorrow and sighing shall flee away.”
